{"id":2825,"date":"2020-09-08T04:31:42","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T01:31:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atamder.org\/?page_id=2825"},"modified":"2021-01-28T22:28:48","modified_gmt":"2021-01-28T19:28:48","slug":"mogolistan-hakkinda","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/mogolistan-hakkinda\/","title":{"rendered":"MO\u011eOL\u0130STAN HAKKINDA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"JOURNEY into MONGOLIA\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KwQvyYzcOJU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Temel G\u00f6stergeler<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Resmi Ad\u0131<\/strong><\/td><td>Mo\u011folistan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Y\u00f6netim Bi\u00e7imi<\/strong><\/td><td>Yar\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Tipi Demokrasi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Tarihi<\/strong><\/td><td>29 Aral\u0131k 1911 (\u00f6zerklik) \/ 26 Kas\u0131m 1924 (\u00c7in\u2019den)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ba\u015fkent<\/strong><\/td><td>Ulanbator (1.3 Milyon)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/td><td>61.566.500 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>N\u00fcfusu<\/strong><\/td><td>3.2 Milyon (2018)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>N\u00fcfusun Etnik Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/td><td>%85 Mo\u011fol, %7 Kazak, %4 Tunguzlar, %4 Di\u011fer (Rus, \u00c7in vd.)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0130klimi<\/strong><\/td><td>\u00dclke genelinde sert bir kara iklimi hakim olup, s\u0131cakl\u0131k farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 son derece y\u00fcksek, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Co\u011frafi Konumu<\/strong><\/td><td>Kuzey Asya\u2019da yer alan Mo\u011folistan, \u00c7in ile Rusya\u2019n\u0131n aras\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Kom\u015fular\u0131<\/strong><\/td><td>\u00c7in (4.630 km), Rusya (3.452 km)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Dil<\/strong><\/td><td>Mo\u011folca, Kazak\u00e7a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Din<\/strong><\/td><td>%53 Budist, %36 Ateist, %5 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, %3 \u015eamanist, %2 Hristiyan, %1 Di\u011fer inan\u00e7lar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ortalama Ya\u015fam S\u00fcresi<\/strong><\/td><td>70.2 Y\u0131l (2018)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Okuma-Yazma Oran\u0131<\/strong><\/td><td>%98.4 (2015)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Para Birimi<\/strong><\/td><td>Tugruk<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Mill\u00ee Gelir<\/strong><\/td><td>13.038 (2018 IMF)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ki\u015fi Ba\u015f\u0131 Ortalama Milli Gelir<\/strong><\/td><td>4.026 (2018 IMF)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0130\u015fsizlik Oran\u0131<\/strong><\/td><td>%8 (2017)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Enflasyon Oran\u0131<\/strong><\/td><td>%4.6 (2017)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Reel B\u00fcy\u00fcme H\u0131z\u0131<\/strong><\/td><td>%6.9 (2018)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Yoksulluk Oran\u0131<\/strong><\/td><td>%30 (2016)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0130hracat \u00dcr\u00fcnleri<\/strong><\/td><td>Ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, bak\u0131r, alt\u0131n, ham petrol, demir, \u00e7inko, tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, hayvansal \u00fcr\u00fcnler, ka\u015fmir, deri, y\u00fcn<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0130thalat \u00dcr\u00fcnleri<\/strong><\/td><td>Petrol ya\u011flar\u0131, elektrik enerjisi, motorlu ta\u015f\u0131tlar, i\u015f makinalar\u0131, t\u0131bb\u00ee ila\u00e7, g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, kimyasallar, in\u015faat malzemeleri, t\u00fct\u00fcn ve sigara, ev aletleri, temizlik \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Ticaret Ortaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/td><td>\u00c7in, Rusya, \u0130ngiltere, Japonya, ABD, G\u00fcney Kore, Almanya<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00dclke Tarihi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mo\u011follara ili\u015fkin tarih\u00ee bilgilerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi 7. y\u00fczy\u0131la dayanmaktad\u0131r. Arkeolojik kaz\u0131larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan veriler, Mo\u011follar\u0131n Tula Nehri\u2019nin do\u011fusunda yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 ve nehrin T\u00fcrklerle Mo\u011follar aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. 6. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u00f6nce G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk, ard\u0131ndan Uygurlar\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131nda kalan Mo\u011follar, 10-12. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda Curcen, Kitan ve Karah\u0131taylar gibi devletler kurmay\u0131 ba\u015farsalar da tarih sahnesine bir devlet olarak \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya tarihinde etkin pozisyona gelmeleri 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Cengiz Han ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 1206\u2019da b\u00fct\u00fcn Mo\u011fol a\u015firetlerini bir araya getirmeyi ba\u015faran Timu\u00e7in, Cengiz Han unvan\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f ve bu tarihten itibaren devletini d\u00fcnya tarihinin en geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlara ula\u015fan devletlerinden biri h\u00e2line getirmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n 1241\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra da Mo\u011fol devletinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 geni\u015flemeye devam etmi\u015f, yerine ge\u00e7en o\u011flu \u00d6geday zaman\u0131nda do\u011fuda \u00c7in ve Kore\u2019den bat\u0131da Do\u011fu Avrupa i\u00e7lerine uzanan bir imparatorluk h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. Devlet en geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 34 milyon km<sup>2<\/sup>lik bir alanda d\u00fcnya tarihinin biti\u015fik s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck devleti olmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1294\u2019te Kubilay Han\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle birlikte devlet d\u00f6rt par\u00e7aya ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece Alt\u0131norda, \u0130lhanl\u0131lar, \u00c7a\u011fatay ve Kubilay Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130rtibat kurduklar\u0131 co\u011frafyalar\u0131n etkisiyle din\u00ee, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, etnik alanlarda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimlere u\u011frayan bu devletler, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda, 1691 y\u0131l\u0131nda, imzalanan Dolon Nor Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla \u00c7in\u2019in bir eyaleti h\u00e2line gelen Mo\u011folistan, Man\u00e7u Qing Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1911\u2019de son bulmas\u0131na kadar, iki as\u0131rdan uzun bir s\u00fcre varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu \u015fekilde devam ettirmi\u015ftir. Mo\u011follar, Man\u00e7u Qing\u2019in y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan etseler de 29 Aral\u0131k 1911\u2019de ancak \u00f6zerklik kazanabilmi\u015flerdir. 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda Rusya ve \u00c7in aras\u0131nda bir rekabet alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen Mo\u011folistan, 1919\u2019da yeniden \u00c7in h\u00e2kimiyetine girmi\u015ftir. \u015eubat 1921\u2019de Beyaz Ruslar Mo\u011folistan\u2019da kontrol\u00fc ele alm\u0131\u015f ancak Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin deste\u011fi ve Haziran 1921\u2019de K\u0131z\u0131lordu\u2019nun Mo\u011folistan\u2019a girmesiyle Mo\u011folistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00fcrecine girmi\u015ftir. 26 Kas\u0131m 1924\u2019te Mo\u011folistan Halk Cumhuriyeti ilan edilmi\u015f, fakat \u00fclke 1945 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00f6zel bir stat\u00fc ile \u00c7in h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131nda kalmaya devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen referandumda tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bask\u0131n \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, 5 Ocak 1946\u2019da \u00c7in, Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk y\u0131llarda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da devlet taraf\u0131ndan ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla Do\u011fu Bloku \u00fclkelerince tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlere \u00fcye olmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131 resmen tan\u0131yan devletlerin say\u0131s\u0131 da h\u0131zla artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD ise Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131 ancak 1987\u2019de tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f, \u00c7in ile 1946\u2019daki tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kla birlikte kopan ili\u015fkiler de ancak bu tarihte yeniden ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilan edilen Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden itibaren Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin siyasi h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131nda kalan Mo\u011folistan\u2019da, 1930\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan 1952\u2019deki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar devlet y\u00f6netiminin ba\u015f\u0131nda yer alan Horlogiyn \u00c7oybalsan, Stalinist politikalar uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkede yayg\u0131n olan Budizm\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 kat\u0131 politikalar izlenmi\u015f, y\u00f6netime kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen isyanlar kanl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7oybalsan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra da So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131 boyunca devlet y\u00f6netiminin ba\u015f\u0131nda Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Sovyet Blo\u011fu\u2019nun kom\u00fcnist uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1989 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fclkede ba\u015f g\u00f6steren muhalif hareketler, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n sona ermesi ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00fclkeden \u00e7ekilmesi ile birlikte Mart 1990\u2019da Kom\u00fcnist Parti politb\u00fcro \u00fcyeleri istifa etmi\u015f ve \u00fclkede \u00e7ok partili sistem i\u00e7in anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gidilmi\u015ftir. Mo\u011folistan\u2019da 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk \u00e7ok partili se\u00e7imler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, se\u00e7imlerin ard\u0131ndan devletin ismi \u201cMo\u011folistan Cumhuriyeti\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u00dclke bu tarihten itibaren d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve demokratik s\u00fcre\u00e7leri devam ettirmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Siyasi Yap\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Rusya ve \u00c7in gibi iki s\u00fcper g\u00fcc\u00fcn aras\u0131nda yer alan Mo\u011folistan, siyasi, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan bu iki devletin etkisi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu iki \u00fclke ile ili\u015fkilerini iyi tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Mo\u011folistan, son y\u0131llarda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m politikalar\u0131 ile ABD, Hindistan, T\u00fcrkiye, Japonya, G\u00fcney Kore ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ni \u201c\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Kom\u015fu\u201d olarak ilan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mo\u011folistan, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kazan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 1921 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 1990\u2019a kadar kom\u00fcnist tek parti taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmi\u015ftir. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelere paralel olarak Mo\u011folistan\u2019da da \u00e7ok partili anayasal sisteme ge\u00e7i\u015f yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda bir ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen se\u00e7imlerle belirlenmektedir. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131 Haziran ve Temmuz aylar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen se\u00e7imleri, ikinci turda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 %55\u2019lik oy oran\u0131yla kazanan Khaltmaagiin Battulga, h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Bir sonraki se\u00e7imlerin 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yasama organ\u0131 75 sandalyeli meclistir ve \u00fcyeleri d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda bir ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen se\u00e7imlerle belirlenmektedir. Nisan 2016\u2019da yap\u0131lan son se\u00e7imlerde Mo\u011folistan Halk Partisi 65 sandalye kazanm\u0131\u015fsa da 2017\u2019deki cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerinin ard\u0131ndan parti i\u00e7inde ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler neticesinde h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00fcvenoyu alamayarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve Eyl\u00fcl 2017\u2019de yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130dari olarak 21 b\u00f6lgeye ayr\u0131lan Mo\u011folistan\u2019da bu b\u00f6lgeler T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u201cay\u0131rmak\u201d k\u00f6k\u00fcnden gelen \u201caymag\u201d olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Aymaglar da \u201csum\u201d ad\u0131 verilen daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00f6lgelere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkede toplamda 315 sum bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ekonomik Durum<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda ekonomisini mill\u00ee gelirin \u00fc\u00e7te birine tekab\u00fcl eden Sovyet yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla ayakta tutan Mo\u011folistan, 1990\u2019lardan itibaren serbest piyasa ekonomisine ge\u00e7i\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ge\u00e7i\u015fi takip eden ilk y\u0131llardaki dura\u011fan tablo, 2000\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren h\u0131zl\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye evrilmi\u015ftir. Son on y\u0131lda %6\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerinde ortalama b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 yakalayan Mo\u011folistan, siyasi alanda oldu\u011fu gibi ekonomik alanda da b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Rusya ve \u00c7in\u2019in etkisi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda ula\u015f\u0131m ve altyap\u0131 imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00e7abalar, ekonomide yeni pazarlara a\u00e7\u0131lma hedefinin bir g\u00f6stergesidir. Ancak n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te birinin h\u00e2len yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkede ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 ortalama y\u0131ll\u0131k gelir 4.000 dolar civar\u0131nda seyretmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mo\u011folistan bak\u0131r, alt\u0131n, k\u00f6m\u00fcr, tungsten, kalay, molibden, uranyum gibi pek \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli maden rezervine sahiptir. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde Sovyet yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla geli\u015fen sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, \u00fclke ekonomisine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkedeki en \u00f6nemli sanayi kolu madenciliktir. Di\u011fer ba\u015fl\u0131ca sahalar; in\u015faat, g\u0131da, hayvansal \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u015fleme (deri, ka\u015fmir vb.) ve tekstildir. Sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fc mill\u00ee gelirin yakla\u015f\u0131k %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131, ihracat\u0131n da yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tar\u0131m imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00fclkede temel ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k \u00fclkenin hemen her kesiminde yayg\u0131n olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen geleneksel faaliyet koludur. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkede koyun, ke\u00e7i, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, deve ve at yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi mevcuttur. Tar\u0131msal faaliyetlerde arpa, bu\u011fday gibi tah\u0131llar \u00f6n planda olmakla birlikte, \u00fcr\u00fcn verimlili\u011fi \u00fclke ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya yetecek d\u00fczeyde de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u0131\u015f ticarette 2013 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar a\u00e7\u0131k veren Mo\u011folistan, bu tarihten itibaren ihracat\u0131n\u0131 giderek artt\u0131rmak ve ithalat\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak suretiyle d\u0131\u015f ticarette fazla veren bir \u00fclke konumuna gelmi\u015ftir. Son be\u015f y\u0131lda ihracat\u0131n\u0131 neredeyse iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kartan Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f ticaret hacmi 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda 7,4 milyar dolar\u0131 ihracat, 5,1 milyar dolar\u0131 ithalat olmak \u00fczere toplamda 12,5 milyar dolar olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Mo\u011folistan d\u0131\u015f ticarette \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda \u00c7in\u2019e ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 durumdad\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki \u00c7in\u2019in ihracattaki pay\u0131 %80\u2019in, ithalattaki pay\u0131 %30\u2019un \u00fczerindedir. Mo\u011folistan son y\u0131llardaki ekonomi politikalar\u0131yla yeni pazarlara a\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye ile \u0130li\u015fkiler<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00f6kleri bin y\u0131ldan \u00f6nceye dayanan T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol ili\u015fkileri iki \u00fclke a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da b\u00fcy\u00fck anlam ifade etmektedir. T\u00fcrk tarihinin bilinen en eski yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 olan Orhun Kitabeleri\u2019nin Mo\u011folistan topraklar\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 bu a\u00e7\u0131dan son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Yeni devlet yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131yla iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ilk ili\u015fkiler 1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda tesis edilmi\u015f olup 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda ikili ili\u015fkilerin 50. y\u0131l\u0131 kutlanmaktad\u0131r. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye-Mo\u011folistan ili\u015fkileri ivme kazanm\u0131\u015f, 1996\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ulanbator, bir y\u0131l sonra da Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n Ankara B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi hizmete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda bug\u00fcne kadar devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ulusal meclis ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bakanl\u0131klar d\u00fczeyinde pek \u00e7ok ziyaret ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n eski Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Natsagiin Bagabandi 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkemizi ziyaret etmi\u015f, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda R. Tayyip Erdo\u011fan ve 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m ba\u015fbakan s\u0131fat\u0131yla Mo\u011folistan\u2019da bulunmu\u015ftur. \u0130ki s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fusu olan Mo\u011folistan, d\u00fcnyada yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 \u00fclkeyi \u201c\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kom\u015fu\u201d olarak kabul etmektedir ve T\u00fcrkiye de bu \u00fclkelerden biridir. \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lenerek s\u00fcrmesi beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye ile Mo\u011folistan aras\u0131ndaki ticari ili\u015fkiler geli\u015fme s\u00fcrecindedir. Siyasi ili\u015fkilerdeki yak\u0131nla\u015fman\u0131n ticari ili\u015fkilere beklenen d\u00fczeyde etki etmemesinin temel nedeni, co\u011frafi uzakl\u0131k sebebiyle ula\u015f\u0131m maliyetlerinin y\u00fcksek olu\u015fudur. Bu durumun \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda ticari havayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile giderilmesi planlanmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye ile Mo\u011folistan aras\u0131nda 2010\u2019lara kadar genellikle y\u0131ll\u0131k 10 milyon dolar\u0131n alt\u0131nda seyreden d\u0131\u015f ticaret hacmi, 2011\u2019de 46 milyon dolara kadar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, ancak o tarihten itibaren 20-50 milyon aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ini\u015fli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir grafik izlemi\u015ftir. Son olarak 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda 34 milyon dolar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Mo\u011folistan\u2019a ihracat, 4 milyon dolar\u0131 ithalat olmak \u00fczere toplamda 38 milyon dolarl\u0131k bir ticaret ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Mo\u011folistan\u2019a ihra\u00e7 edilen ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fcr\u00fcnler; m\u00fccevherat, elektrikli su \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, radyat\u00f6rler, haz\u0131r g\u0131da, temizlik \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, petrol ya\u011flar\u0131 ve ila\u00e7t\u0131r. Mo\u011folistan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ithal edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerse g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, tabaklanm\u0131\u015f hayvan derisi ve tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Durumu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130slamiyet\u2019in bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Mo\u011folistan topraklar\u0131yla ilk temas\u0131 10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda S\u00e2m\u00e2niler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olmu\u015f, ilerleyen y\u00fczy\u0131llarda da ba\u015fta T\u00fcrkler ve Farslar olmak \u00fczere Mo\u011follar\u0131n \u0130slam topluluklar\u0131yla temas\u0131 devam etmi\u015ftir. Ancak Mo\u011folistan\u2019da \u0130slamiyet\u2019in yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00fclkenin do\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde bulunan Kazaklar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. Yine de \u00fclkede M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul eden unsurlar genellikle T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 olanlard\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Mo\u011folistan\u2019da devam eden kom\u00fcnist rejim d\u00f6nemi, \u00fclkedeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te inan\u00e7 ve ibadet h\u00fcrriyeti engellenmi\u015f, camiler yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mo\u011folistan\u2019da \u0130slamiyet 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda yeniden canlanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, tek parti y\u00f6netiminin sona ermesi ile birlikte \u00fclkede M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan nispi bir iyile\u015fme s\u00fcreci ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Mo\u011folistan\u2019da 150.000-200.000 civar\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131n bulundu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir ki, bu da toplam n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k %5\u2019ine tekab\u00fcl etmektedir. \u00dclkedeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu Kazaklar ve Hoton T\u00fcrkleri olu\u015fturmakta olup bu unsurlar da Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusunda yo\u011funla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca say\u0131lar\u0131 az da olsa Mo\u011follar aras\u0131nda \u0130slamiyet\u2019i benimseyenler bulunmaktad\u0131r. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Mo\u011folistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Derne\u011fi \u00fclkedeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n din\u00ee meseleleriyle ilgilenmekte, siyasi temsilin artmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir. Mo\u011folistan\u2019da h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda ibadete a\u00e7\u0131k 50\u2019ye yak\u0131n cami vard\u0131r. \u00dclkedeki ibadethane ve din\u00ee e\u011fitim veren kurulu\u015flar ba\u015fta T\u00fcrkiye olmak \u00fczere Pakistan, Suudi Arabistan ve K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerinden gelen yard\u0131mlarla in\u015fa edilmektedir. \u0130n\u015faat\u0131 T\u0130KA taraf\u0131ndan organize edilen Ulan Batur Hz. Osman Camii ve \u0130slam K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda R. Tayyip Erdo\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan hizmete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkenin do\u011fusundaki Olgiy\u2019de yo\u011funla\u015fan insani yard\u0131m ve kurban organizasyonlar\u0131 aral\u0131ks\u0131z devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/mogolistan-2\/\">\u00d6NCEK\u0130 SAYFA<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Temel G\u00f6stergeler Resmi Ad\u0131 Mo\u011folistan Y\u00f6netim Bi\u00e7imi Yar\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Tipi Demokrasi Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Tarihi 29 Aral\u0131k 1911 (\u00f6zerklik) \/ 26 Kas\u0131m 1924 (\u00c7in\u2019den) Ba\u015fkent Ulanbator (1.3 Milyon) Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 61.566.500 km2 N\u00fcfusu&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2825"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2825"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2825\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4746,"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2825\/revisions\/4746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}