{"id":2815,"date":"2020-09-08T04:31:37","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T01:31:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atamder.org\/?page_id=2815"},"modified":"2021-01-28T21:46:07","modified_gmt":"2021-01-28T18:46:07","slug":"macaristan-hakkinda","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/macaristan-hakkinda\/","title":{"rendered":"MACAR\u0130STAN HAKKINDA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Budapest in 4K\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/B_Hfmp-z7AE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Y\u00f6netim \u015eekli<\/strong>:\u00a0Parlamenter Cumhuriyet<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ba\u015fkenti<\/strong>: Budape\u015fte<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>N\u00fcfusu<\/strong>: 9,8 milyon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Y\u00fcz \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong>: 131.957 km\u00b2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130dari B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri<\/strong>: 20<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Para Birimi<\/strong>: Forint (HUF)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Resmi Dil<\/strong>: Macarca<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Telefon Kodu<\/strong>: +36<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkiye \u0130le Uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>: Ortalama 2,5 saat<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pop\u00fcler \u015eehirleri<\/strong>: Budape\u015fte, Pecs, Debrecen, Eger, Szeged<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>19 il ve 1 ba\u015fkent olmak \u00fczere 20 idari b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan Macaristan\u2019\u0131n tarihi 1.000 y\u0131l\u0131nda tahta \u00e7\u0131kan I. Istvan taraf\u0131ndan Estergon merkez olmak \u00fczere Hr\u0131stiyan bir krall\u0131k olarak kurulmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Atalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Ural \u2013 Altay kavimlerinden Hun \u2013 Ugor boylar\u0131ndan &nbsp;olan ve tarihin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc krall\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri olarak bir d\u00f6nem Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezlerinden biri olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Macaristan, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kaybedince b\u00fcy\u00fck bir toprak kayb\u0131na u\u011frayarak zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f ve 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyet Rusya taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilerek 1989 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Sovyet Rusya\u2019n\u0131n egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Do\u011fu Bloku\u2019nun \u00e7\u00f6kmesiyle parlementer cumhuriyet olarak egemen bir devlet stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde\u00a0OECD,\u00a0NATO, AB, Visegr\u00e1d Grubu ve Schengen \u00fcyesi olan Macaristan, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc siyasi ortakl\u0131klar\u0131yla geli\u015fimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrklerle olan soy birli\u011finin de etkisiyle T\u00fcrkiye ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkileri bulunan Macaristan halk\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelenlere kar\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a olumlu ve s\u0131cak bir bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong>Lokasyon<\/strong>: Orta Avrupa\u2019da Karpat Da\u011flar\u0131 civar\u0131nda bulunan ve denize k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olmayan Macaristan;&nbsp;bat\u0131da Avusturya ve Slovenya, kuzeyde Slovakya, do\u011fuda Romanya ve Ukrayna, g\u00fcneyde S\u0131rbistan ve H\u0131rvatistan ile kom\u015fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Ekonomi<\/strong>: \u0130nsani geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyinin \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu Macaristan, karma ekonomi modelinin ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclkedir. 284,266 milyar $ GSY\u0130H ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 57. b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi olan ve 28.965 $ ile ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen gelirde de 57. s\u0131rada yer alan Macaristan, ihracata dayal\u0131 ekonomisiyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck 35. ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n\u0131n % 3,5, y\u0131ll\u0131k enflasyon oran\u0131n\u0131n ise % 3,4 oldu\u011fu Macaristan\u2019\u0131n ihracat\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli paya sahip olan \u00fclkeler; Almanya, Romanya, Slovakya, Avustralya, \u0130talya, Fransa, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ve \u00c7ekya\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dclkede \u00fcretilen toplam ekonomik de\u011ferin % 80\u2019i \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan Macaristan\u2019daki en \u00f6nemli sekt\u00f6rler madencilik, in\u015faat malzemeleri, elektronik, tekstil, kimyasallar, g\u0131da i\u015fleme, ila\u00e7, motorlu ta\u015f\u0131tlar, bilgi teknolojisi, kimyasallar, metalurji, makine, elektrikli \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve turizmdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Son 20 y\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi at\u0131l\u0131mlarla elektronik ve inovasyon alanlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6steren Macaristan, Orta ve Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck elektronik \u00fcreticisi konumuna gelmi\u015ftir. Teknolojide ortaya koydu\u011fu bu ba\u015far\u0131lar ile Macaristan ekonomisinin en \u00f6nemli itici g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden biri de bu alandaki \u00fcretim ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma gelirleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130klim<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>ve Co\u011frafi \u00d6zellikler:&nbsp;<\/strong>Denize k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve Karpat Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n eteklerinde bulundu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 Macaristan\u2019\u0131n genelinde karasal iklim egemendir. \u00dclkede s\u0131cakl\u0131k k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda -1, -2 derecelere d\u00fc\u015ferken yaz aylar\u0131nda en fazla 29 dereceye ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dclkenin kuzey kesimlerini kaplayan da\u011f s\u0131ralar\u0131 bat\u0131da Avusturya Alpleri ile birle\u015fmektedir. Bu da\u011flar\u0131n en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 1.014 m y\u00fckseklikle \u201cKekes Tepesi\u201ddir. Da\u011flar\u0131n akarsulara ge\u00e7it vermesiyle vadilerin olu\u015ftu\u011fu da\u011f yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda s\u0131k ormanl\u0131k alanlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Vadilerdeki geni\u015f d\u00fczl\u00fcklerde kil ve kum kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla sar\u0131 bir renk alm\u0131\u015f olan \u00e7ok verimli tar\u0131m arazileri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Macar denizi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Balaton G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019ne kadar uzayan da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lge daha \u00e7ok kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131ndan olu\u015fmu\u015f bir yaylad\u0131r. En y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 ise 713 m y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ile K\u0151r\u00f6shegy Da\u011f\u0131&#8217;d\u0131r. S\u0131rbistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 682 m olan Mecsek Da\u011flar\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Macaristan ovas\u0131n\u0131n Tuna&#8217;ya d\u00f6k\u00fclen Raba, Repce ve Marcal nehirleri aras\u0131nda kalan topraklar\u0131nda genellikle bu\u011fday tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tuna Nehri\u2019nin do\u011fu taraf\u0131nda ise \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Alf\u00f6ld\u201d denilen geni\u015f bir ova bulunmaktad\u0131r. Macaristan n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131s\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapan bu geni\u015f ve d\u00fczl\u00fck alan ayn\u0131 zamanda verimli topraklar\u0131yla Macaristan\u2019\u0131n en \u00f6nemli tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dclkedeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck akarsular, Macaristan\u2019\u0131 ba\u015ftan ba\u015fa ikiye b\u00f6len ve 2.850 km uzunlu\u011fuyla Volga Nehri\u2019nden sonra Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en uzun nehri olan Tuna Nehri ile 968 km uzunlu\u011fu olan Tisza Nehri\u2019dir. \u00dclkedeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6ller ise 90 km uzunlu\u011fu ve 10 \u2013 15 km geni\u015fli\u011fi ile Macar denizi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Balaton G\u00f6l\u00fc ile 200 km2 y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne sahip olan ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Avusturya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda yer alan Neusiedle G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tatl\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda s\u0131cak su kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da olduk\u00e7a zengin olan Macaristan\u2019da t\u0131bbi de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00f6nemli say\u0131da kapl\u0131ca bulunmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fczel kapl\u0131calar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Budin ve Budape\u015fte\u2019de 100\u2019den fazla kapl\u0131ca bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Macaristan\u2019da Yemek K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc:&nbsp;<\/strong>Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve Avusturya Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc imparatorluklar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f olan Macaristan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a zengin bir mutfak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en imparatorluklar ile Balkan \u00fclkelerinin Macar mutfa\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli etkileri olmu\u015ftur. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u0130talya, Almanya ve Fransa mutfaklar\u0131n\u0131n etkilerini de g\u00f6zlemleme olana\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun etkisiyle sarma, g\u00fcve\u00e7, dolma, b\u00f6rek, musakka gibi yemekler Macar sofralar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcslemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a zengin olan Macar mutfa\u011f\u0131nda \u201csoka\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri beyaz peynirin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra y\u00f6relere \u00f6zg\u00fc bir\u00e7ok peynir \u00e7e\u015fidi de bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dana, domuz ve kuzu etlerinin yan\u0131nda kaz, tavuk ve \u00f6rdek etlerinin de bolca t\u00fcketildi\u011fi Macaristan\u2019da Balaton G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn lezzetli mezgitleri de en \u00e7ok t\u00fcketilen et \u00fcr\u00fcnlerindendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hamur i\u015fleri ve tatl\u0131lar\u0131n da \u00f6nemli bir yer tuttu\u011fu Macar mutfa\u011f\u0131nda genellikle zeytinya\u011f\u0131 ve tereya\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Macaristan Resmi Tatil G\u00fcnleri (2020)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yeni Y\u0131l: 01 Ocak<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1848 Macar Devrimi: 15 Mart<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Paskalya: 12 Nisan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Paskalya Pazartesisi: 13 Nisan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Bayram\u0131: 1 May\u0131s<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hamsin Yortusu: 31 May\u0131s<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whit Monday: 1 Haziran<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aziz Stefen G\u00fcn\u00fc: 20 A\u011fustos<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cumhuriyet Bayram\u0131: 23 Ekim<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Azizler G\u00fcn\u00fc: 1 Kas\u0131m<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Noel: 25 Aral\u0131k<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Boxing Day: 26 Aral\u0131k<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/macaristan\/\">\u00d6NCEK\u0130 SAYFA<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Y\u00f6netim \u015eekli:\u00a0Parlamenter Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fkenti: Budape\u015fte N\u00fcfusu: 9,8 milyon Y\u00fcz \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc: 131.957 km\u00b2 \u0130dari B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri: 20 Para Birimi: Forint (HUF) Resmi Dil: Macarca Telefon Kodu: +36 T\u00fcrkiye \u0130le Uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131: Ortalama 2,5&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2815"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2815"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4734,"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2815\/revisions\/4734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}