{"id":2442,"date":"2020-09-08T03:10:23","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T00:10:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atamder.org\/?page_id=2442"},"modified":"2020-09-30T23:01:50","modified_gmt":"2020-09-30T20:01:50","slug":"ataturk-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/ataturk-2\/","title":{"rendered":"MUSTAFA KEMAL ATAT\u00dcRK’\u00dcN HAYATI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Hayat\u0131 (1881-1938)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong>, 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda<\/strong> Sel\u00e2nik’te<\/strong> Kocakas\u0131m Mahallesi, Isl\u00e2hh\u00e2ne Caddesi’ndeki \u00fc\u00e7 katl\u0131 pembe evde do\u011fdu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn do\u011fdu\u011fu ev, Selanik<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Babas\u0131 Ali R\u0131za Efendi, annesi Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m<\/strong>‘d\u0131r. Baba taraf\u0131ndan dedesi Haf\u0131z Ahmet Efendi<\/strong>, 14-15. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Konya ve Ayd\u0131n’dan Makedonya’ya yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Kocac\u0131k Y\u00f6r\u00fcklerindendir.<\/strong> Annesi Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m<\/strong> ise Sel\u00e2nik yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Langaza kasabas\u0131na yerle\u015fmi\u015f<\/strong> eski bir T\u00fcrk ailesinin k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Ali R\u0131za Efendi, 1871 y\u0131l\u0131nda Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m’la evlendi. Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn be\u015f karde\u015finden d\u00f6rd\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flarda \u00f6ld\u00fc, sadece Makbule (Atadan) Han\u0131m 1956 y\u0131l\u0131na de\u011fin ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Annesi Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Mustafa, \u00f6\u011frenim \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na gelince annesinin arzusu \u00fczerine Haf\u0131z Mehmet Efendi<\/strong>‘nin mahalle mektebinde ilk\u00f6\u011frenimine ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra babas\u0131n\u0131n iste\u011fiyle devrinin \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re modern e\u011fitim veren \u015eemsi Efendi Mektebine ge\u00e7ti.<\/strong> Bu s\u0131rada babas\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Bir s\u00fcre Rapla \u00c7iftli\u011fi<\/strong>‘nde day\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda kald\u0131ktan sonra Sel\u00e2nik’e d\u00f6n\u00fcp okulunu bitirdi. Sel\u00e2nik M\u00fclkiye R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi<\/strong>ne kaydoldu ve k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, 1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Selanik Asker\u00ee R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi<\/strong>ne girdi. \u00c7ok sevdi\u011fi matematik dersinin \u00f6\u011fretmeni Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Mustafa Efendi\u2019den, \u201cKemal<\/strong>\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece ad\u0131 \u201cMustafa Kemal<\/strong>\u201d oldu. Selanik Asker\u00ee R\u00fc\u015ftiyesini bitirdikten sonra 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda Manast\u0131r Asker\u00ee \u0130dadisine ba\u015flad\u0131. Edebiyata olan ilgisi, onda gelecekteki hitabet ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 anlat\u0131m ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturdu. Manast\u0131r Asker\u00ee \u0130dadisindeki tarih \u00f6\u011fretmeni Kola\u011fas\u0131 Mehmet Tevfik Bey, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in tarihe ve \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk tarihine ilgi duymas\u0131nda ba\u015fl\u0131ca etken oldu.1896-1899 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Manast\u0131r Askeri \u0130dadisini bitirip, \u0130stanbul\u2019da Harp Okulu\u2019nun piyade s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Bu okuldaki \u00f6\u011frencili\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda arkada\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte h\u00fcrriyet fikirlerini yaymak amac\u0131yla gizli olarak el basmas\u0131 bir gazete \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda Harp Okulundan te\u011fmen r\u00fctbesiyle mezun olarak Harp Akademisine girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Mustafa Kemal Mekteb-i Harbiye’de, \u0130stanbul, 1901<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda ikinci s\u0131n\u0131fa ge\u00e7erek \u00fcste\u011fmenli\u011fe y\u00fckseldi. 11 Ocak 1905’te y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesiyle Harp Akademisinden mezun oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kurmay Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Mustafa Kemal, \u0130stanbul, 1905<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal, Harp Okulu ve Harp Akademisindeki \u00f6\u011frencili\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fclke ve millet sorunlar\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ilgilenmi\u015f, ayd\u0131n ve ileri fikirli bir subay olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu nedenle Harp Akademisinden mezuniyetini takiben y\u00f6netim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 fikirlerinden dolay\u0131 k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda tutuldu. 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eam’daki 5. Ordu emrine atand\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l baz\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte, gizli olarak, Vatan ve H\u00fcrriyet Cemiyeti\u2019ni kurdu. Bu cemiyetin Beyrut, Yafa ve Kud\u00fcs\u2019te \u015fubeleri a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kurmay Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Mustafa Kemal arkada\u015flar\u0131 ile, \u015eam, 1906<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1906 y\u0131l\u0131nda gizlice Selanik\u2019e giderek ayn\u0131 cemiyetin bir \u015fubesini a\u00e7t\u0131ktan sonra geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Selanik\u2019teki \u015fube ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fcrriyet Cemiyeti\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131. Selanik\u2019te gizli olarak faaliyet g\u00f6steren bu cemiyet, 1907 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti ile birle\u015fti.1907’de Kola\u011fas\u0131 (K\u0131demli Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131) r\u00fctbesini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kurmay K\u0131demli Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Mustafa Kemal, \u015eam, 1907<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonra merkezi Manast\u0131r\u2019da bulunan 3. Ordu kararg\u00e2h\u0131na atand\u0131. Kararg\u00e2h\u0131n Selanik\u2019teki kurmay \u015fubesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kendisine Selanik\u2019teki g\u00f6revine ek olarak \u00dcsk\u00fcp-Selanik aras\u0131nda Do\u011fu Demiryolu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi g\u00f6revi verildi. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti Merkez Komitesi\u2019nce Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131n\u0131 takiben ba\u015f g\u00f6steren tepkileri \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in Trablusgarp\u2019a g\u00f6nderildi. Buradaki huzursuzlu\u011fu giderdikten ve devlet otoritesinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra Ocak 1909\u2019da Selanik\u2019e d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ordu Selanik 2. Redif T\u00fcmeni Kurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirildi. 31 Mart Vakas\u0131 olarak tarihe ge\u00e7en isyan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine 15-16 Nisan 1909’da H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsn\u00fc Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki Hareket Ordusu ile beraber bu ordunun kurmay ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak Selanik’ten \u0130stanbul’a hareket etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Hareket Ordusu Komutan\u0131 H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsn\u00fc ile, Selanik, 1909<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hareket Ordusunun \u0130stanbul halk\u0131na yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk bildiriyi bizzat kaleme ald\u0131. 1909 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde Selanik\u2019te toplanan \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nin ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck kongresine Trablusgarp delegesi olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kongrede ordunun siyasetten \u00e7ekilmesini, cemiyetin halk\u0131n i\u00e7indeki te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleterek millete dayanan bir siyasi parti h\u00e2line getirilmesini savundu. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin cemiyetin \u00f6nde gelenlerince payla\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 nedeniyle, kendini cemiyetten uzak tutarak asker\u00ee g\u00f6revine verdi. Mustafa Kemal 2. Redif T\u00fcmeni Kurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yeniden 3. Ordu kararg\u00e2h\u0131na atand\u0131. May\u0131s 1910’da, Arnavutluk’ta \u00e7\u0131kan isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rmak \u00fczere d\u00fczenlenen harek\u00e2tta, Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Mahmut \u015eevket Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n yan\u0131nda g\u00f6rev ald\u0131. 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1910’da Mustafa Kemal’in, 3. Ordu Subay Talimg\u00e2h\u0131 Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na atamas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Mustafa Kemal bu g\u00f6revde iken orduyu temsilen aralar\u0131nda Fethi Bey’in de bulundu\u011fu bir kurul ile birlikte Fransa’daki Picardie manevralar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’da Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 emrinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Picardie, Fransa, 1910<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda Trablusgarp Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131. R\u00fctbesi binba\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckseltildi. Mustafa Kemal bir grup arkada\u015f\u0131yla birlikte Tobruk ve Derne b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6rev ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trablusgarp, 1912<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tobruk b\u00f6lgesinde komutas\u0131ndaki yerli kuvvetlerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bask\u0131n taarruzunda \u0130talyanlara a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar verdirdi. 1912 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde Derne\u2019de \u0130talyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla m\u00fccadeleye devam etti. Ekim 1912’de Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flay\u0131nca Mustafa Kemal Gelibolu ve Bolay\u0131r’daki birliklerle sava\u015fa kat\u0131ld\u0131. 21 Temmuz 1913\u2019te kurmay ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bolay\u0131r Kolordusu, Edirne\u2019yi Bulgarlardan geri ald\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Sofya\u2019ya asker\u00ee ata\u015fe olarak atand\u0131. Bu g\u00f6revde iken 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda yarbayl\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckseldi. Asker\u00ee ata\u015felik g\u00f6revi Ocak 1915’te sona erdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kurmay Yarbay Mustafa Kemal, Sofya’ daki baloda yeni\u00e7eri k\u0131yafetiyle, Bulgaristan, 1914<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00fczerine kendisine aktif g\u00f6rev verilmesini istedi. Bunun \u00fczerine 1915 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda Esat Pa\u015fa (B\u00fclkat) komutas\u0131ndaki 3. Kolorduya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Tekirda\u011f\u2019da kurulacak 19. T\u00fcmen Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na atand\u0131. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda, \u00c7anakkale’de bir kahramanl\u0131k destan\u0131 yaz\u0131p \u0130tilaf devletlerine “\u00c7anakkale ge\u00e7ilmez!” dedirtti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Gelibolu, \u00c7anakkale, 1915<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

18 Mart 1915’te \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ge\u00e7meye kalkan \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z donanmas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar verince Gelibolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131’na asker \u00e7\u0131karmaya karar verildi. 25 Nisan 1915’te Ar\u0131burnu’na \u00e7\u0131kan d\u00fc\u015fman kuvvetlerini, Mustafa Kemal’in komuta etti\u011fi 19. T\u00fcmen Conkbay\u0131r\u0131’nda durdurdu. Mustafa Kemal, bu ba\u015far\u0131 \u00fczerine albayl\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckseldi. \u0130ngilizler 6-7 A\u011fustos 1915’te Ar\u0131burnu’nda tekrar taarruza ge\u00e7ti. Anafartalar Grubu Komutan\u0131 Mustafa Kemal 9-10 A\u011fustos’ta Anafartalar Zaferi\u2019ni kazand\u0131. Bu zaferi 17 A\u011fustos’ta Kire\u00e7tepe, 21 A\u011fustos’ta ikinci Anafartalar zaferleri takip etti. Mustafa Kemal’in askerlerine “Ben size taarruzu emretmiyorum, \u00f6lmeyi emrediyorum!” emri cephenin kaderini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Gelibolu, \u00c7anakkale, 1915<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal, \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015flar\u0131’ndan sonra 1916’da \u00c7anakkale\u2019den Edirne\u2019ye nakledilen 16. Kolordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na atand\u0131. Edirne’deki bu kolordu, Kafkas Cephesi’nin \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine bir s\u00fcre sonra ayn\u0131 adla Diyarbak\u0131r’a nakledilince Mustafa Kemal Diyarbak\u0131r’da g\u00f6rev ald\u0131. 1 Nisan 1916’da t\u00fcmgeneralli\u011fe y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Mirliva (T\u00fcmgeneral) Mustafa Kemal, 1916<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rus kuvvetleriyle sava\u015farak Mu\u015f ve Bitlis’in geri al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. \u015eam ve Halep’teki k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli g\u00f6revlerinden sonra 1917’de \u0130stanbul’a geri geldi. Veliaht Vahdettin Efendi’yle Almanya’ya giderek cephede incelemelerde bulundu. Bu seyahatten sonra hastaland\u0131. Viyana ve Karisbad’a giderek tedavi oldu. 15 A\u011fustos 1918’de Halep’e 7. Ordu Komutan\u0131 olarak d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Bu cephede \u0130ngiliz kuvvetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 savunma sava\u015flar\u0131 yapt\u0131. Mondros M\u00fctarekesi’nin imzalanmas\u0131ndan bir g\u00fcn sonra, 31 Ekim 1918’de Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Ordular\u0131 Grubu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Ordular\u0131 Grubu Komutan\u0131 Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, Yaverleri Salih (Bozok), \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc (Tezer) ve Cevat Abbas (G\u00fcrer) Beyler ile, 1918<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ordunun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine 13 Kas\u0131m 1918’de \u0130stanbul’a gelip Harbiye Nezareti\u2019nde g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mondros M\u00fctarekesi’nden sonra \u0130tilaf devletlerinin Osmanl\u0131 ordular\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgale ba\u015flamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine Mustafa Kemal 9. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fi olarak 19 May\u0131s 1919’da Samsun’a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 22 Haziran 1919’da Amasya’da yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 genelgeyle “Milletin istikl\u00e2lini yine milletin azim ve karar\u0131n\u0131n kurtaraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131” ilan edip Sivas Kongresi’ni toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. 23 Temmuz-7 A\u011fustos 1919 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Erzurum, 4-11 Eyl\u00fcl 1919 tarihleri aras\u0131nda da Sivas Kongresi’ni toplayarak vatan\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in izlenecek yolun belirlenmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Erzurum Kongresi i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klar yap\u0131l\u0131rken, Erzurum, 1919<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

27 Aral\u0131k 1919’da Ankara’da heyecanla kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. 23 Nisan 1920’de T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulmas\u0131 yolunda \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m at\u0131ld\u0131. Meclis ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Mustafa Kemal se\u00e7ildi. T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli yasalar\u0131 kabul edip uygulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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TBMM’nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, Ankara, 1920<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 15 May\u0131s 1919’da Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130zmir’i i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmana ilk kur\u015funun at\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. 10 A\u011fustos 1920 tarihinde Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131’<\/strong>n\u0131 imzalayarak aralar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nu payla\u015fan Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n galip devletlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nce Kuvay\u0131 Milliye ad\u0131 verilen milis kuvvetleriyle sava\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi d\u00fczenli orduyu kurdu, Kuvay\u0131 Milliye ile ordunun b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayarak sava\u015f\u0131 zaferle sonu\u00e7land\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal y\u00f6netimindeki T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli a\u015famalar\u0131<\/strong> \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f (20 Eyl\u00fcl 1920), Kars (30 Ekim 1920) ve G\u00fcmr\u00fc’n\u00fcn (7 Kas\u0131m 1920) kurtar\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ukurova, Antep, Mara\u015f, Urfa savunmalar\u0131 (1919- 1921)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Zaferi<\/strong> (6 -10 Ocak 1921)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Zaferi<\/strong> (23 Mart-1 Nisan 1921)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sakarya Zaferi <\/strong>(23 A\u011fustos-13 Eyl\u00fcl 1921)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz, Ba\u015fkomutan Meydan Muharebesi ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Zafer <\/strong>(26 A\u011fustos 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1922)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sakarya Zaferi\u2019nden sonra 19 Eyl\u00fcl 1921’de T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi, Mustafa Kemal’e Mare\u015fal r\u00fctbesi ve Gazi unvan\u0131 verdi. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131, 24 Temmuz 1923’te imzalanan Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131’yla parampar\u00e7a edilen, T\u00fcrklere 5-6 il b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde vatan b\u0131rak\u0131lan T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ulusal birli\u011fe dayal\u0131 yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir engel kalmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23 Nisan 1920’de Ankara’da TBMM’nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulu\u015fu m\u00fcjdelenmi\u015ftir. Meclisin T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla y\u00f6netmesi, yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin kurulu\u015funu h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. 1 Kas\u0131m 1922’de hil\u00e2fet ve saltanat birbirinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131, saltanat kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’yla y\u00f6netim ba\u011flar\u0131 kopar\u0131ld\u0131. 30 Ekim 1923 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kuruldu. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, “Egemenlik kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z milletindir” ve “Yurtta bar\u0131\u015f cihanda bar\u0131\u015f” temelleri \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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TBMM’nin balkonundan halk\u0131 selamlarken, Ankara, 1922<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soyad\u0131 Kanunu gere\u011fince, 24 Kas\u0131m 1934<\/strong>‘de T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan Mustafa Kemal’e “Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong>” soyad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal, 24 Nisan 1920 ve 13 A\u011fustos 1923 tarihlerinde TBMM Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ildi. Bu ba\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00f6revi, devlet-h\u00fck\u00fcmet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczeyindeydi. 29 Ekim 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cumhuriyet ilan edildi ve Atat\u00fcrk ilk cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. Anayasa gere\u011fince d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda bir cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imleri yenilendi. 1927,1931, 1935 y\u0131llar\u0131nda TBMM Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fc yeniden cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Gazi Mustafa Kemal, Ankara, 1923<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk s\u0131k s\u0131k yurt gezilerine \u00e7\u0131karak devlet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yerinde denetledi. \u0130lgililere aksayan y\u00f6nlerle ilgili emirler verdi. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye’yi ziyaret eden yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131n\u0131, bakanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve komutanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rlad\u0131.15-20 Ekim 1927 tarihinde Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet’in kurulu\u015funu anlatan b\u00fcy\u00fck nutkunu, 29 Ekim 1933 tarihinde de 10. Y\u0131l Nutku’nu okudu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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TBMM’de Nutuk’u okurken, Ankara, 1927<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk \u00f6zel ya\u015fam\u0131nda sadelik i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131. 29 Ocak 1923’de Latife Han\u0131m<\/strong>\u2019la evlendi. Bir\u00e7ok yurt gezisine birlikte \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Bu evlilik 5 A\u011fustos 1925 tarihine dek s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131 \u00e7ok seven Atat\u00fcrk, Afet (\u0130nan), Sabiha (G\u00f6k\u00e7en), Fikriye, \u00dclk\u00fc, Nebile, Rukiye, Zehra adl\u0131 k\u0131zlar\u0131 ve Mustafa adl\u0131 \u00e7oban\u0131 manevi evlat edindi. Abdurrahim ve \u0130hsan adl\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 himayesine ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Feneryolu’nda manevi k\u0131z\u0131 \u00dclk\u00fc ile, \u0130stanbul, 1936<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7iftliklerini hazineye, bir k\u0131s\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n\u0131 da Ankara ve Bursa Belediyelerine ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131. Miras\u0131ndan k\u0131z karde\u015fine, manevi evlatlar\u0131na, T\u00fcrk Dil ve Tarih Kurumlar\u0131na pay ay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/strong> Kitap okumay\u0131, m\u00fczik dinlemeyi, dans etmeyi, ata binmeyi ve y\u00fczmeyi \u00e7ok severdi. Zeybek oyunlar\u0131na, g\u00fcre\u015fe, Rumeli t\u00fcrk\u00fclerine ilgisi vard\u0131. Tavla ve bilardo oynamaktan b\u00fcy\u00fck keyif al\u0131rd\u0131. Sakarya adl\u0131 at\u0131yla k\u00f6pe\u011fi Fox’a \u00e7ok de\u011fer verirdi. Zengin bir kitapl\u0131k olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. Ak\u015fam yemeklerine devlet ve bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 davet eder, \u00fclkenin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Temiz ve d\u00fczenli giyinmeye \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterirdi. Do\u011fay\u0131 \u00e7ok severdi. S\u0131k s\u0131k Atat\u00fcrk Orman \u00c7iftli\u011fi’<\/strong>ne gider, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara bizzat kat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Frans\u0131zca ve Almanca biliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Gazi Orman \u00c7iftli\u011fi, Ankara, 1929<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn hayat\u0131 m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7en Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn 1937 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Buna ra\u011fmen o d\u00f6nemde yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde bitmeyen bir heyecanla Hatay’\u0131n ana vatana d\u00e2hil olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kendisinde mevcut karaci\u011fer yetmezli\u011fi Ocak 1938’de daha da belirginle\u015fti. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder son g\u00fcnlerini \u0130stanbul\u2019da s\u00fcrekli doktorlar\u0131n g\u00f6zetiminde ge\u00e7irdi. 10 Kas\u0131m 1938 Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc saat dokuzu be\u015f ge\u00e7e Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131’nda hayata g\u00f6zlerini kapad\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada derin akisler yapt\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1938<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn naa\u015f\u0131, Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131 salonunda \u00f6zel bir katafalka yerle\u015ftirildi. T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131na sar\u0131l\u0131 ve ba\u015f\u0131nda sil\u00e2h arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00f6bet tuttu\u011fu mukaddes tabut, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn m\u00fcddetle milletin ziyaretine b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1938<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cenazenin Ankara’ya nakil i\u015flemi 20 Kas\u0131m’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0130stanbul, 1938<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

21 Kas\u0131m’da b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00f6renle Etnografya M\u00fczesi’ndeki ge\u00e7ici kabrine kondu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn naa\u015f\u0131, Etnografya M\u00fczesindeki yerine yerle\u015ftirildikten sonra, Ankara, 1938<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cenaze t\u00f6renine b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya devletleri \u00f6zel temsilciler g\u00f6nderdi. \u00c7anakkale’de ve di\u011fer muharebelerde ona kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f yabanc\u0131 generaller t\u00f6rende bilhassa dikkati \u00e7ekiyordu. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn naa\u015f\u0131, 10 Kas\u0131m 1953 tarihinde yap\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devlet t\u00f6reni ile Etnografya M\u00fczesi<\/strong>\u2019ndeki ge\u00e7ici kabirden al\u0131narak An\u0131tkabir\u2019deki ebed\u00ee istirahatg\u00e2h\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn naa\u015f\u0131 hitabet k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnde, Ankara, 1953<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6NCEK\u0130 SAYF<\/a><\/strong>A<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Hayat\u0131 (1881-1938) Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sel\u00e2nik’te Kocakas\u0131m Mahallesi, Isl\u00e2hh\u00e2ne Caddesi’ndeki \u00fc\u00e7 katl\u0131 pembe evde do\u011fdu. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn do\u011fdu\u011fu ev, Selanik Babas\u0131 Ali R\u0131za Efendi, annesi Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m‘d\u0131r. Baba…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2442"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2442"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2442\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4399,"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2442\/revisions\/4399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atamder.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}